*This article is an English translation of a Japanese article.
Introduction
The JIS X 8341-3:2016 web accessibility guidelines aim to make web content more accessible to all users. One of the key criteria is “compatibility,” which ensures that web content works smoothly across various user agents (browsers, screen readers, etc.) and assistive technologies. In this article, we will explore the details of the “compatibility” achievement criteria and provide specific strategies for compliance.
Overview of the “Compatibility” Achievement Criteria
The “compatibility” criteria focus on ensuring that web content functions properly across a wide range of environments and assistive technologies. This is especially important for users with visual, hearing, physical, or cognitive impairments who rely on different tools to access web content.
Key points include:
- Standards-compliant markup: Using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript according to standards.
- Use of accessibility APIs: Ensuring content works with assistive technologies like screen readers.
- Error-free coding: Eliminating code errors to ensure proper functionality across various technologies.
By meeting these criteria, users can access web content reliably, regardless of the technologies or tools they use.
Specific Requirements of the Achievement Criteria
To comply with the “compatibility” criteria, you must meet the following requirements:
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Use of Proper Markup
HTML and CSS must follow standard practices. Proper markup allows assistive technologies to correctly interpret and present content to users. For instance, use heading tags (<h1>to<h6>) properly and mark up lists with<ul>and<ol>tags. -
Leveraging Accessibility APIs
To ensure compatibility with assistive technologies, use accessibility APIs such as ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications). ARIA attributes convey the state and role of elements, making it easier for screen readers to communicate with users. -
Error-Free Code
Coding errors can cause assistive technologies to malfunction. Use tools like the W3C validator to detect and fix HTML and CSS errors, ensuring smooth performance across platforms. -
Providing Fallbacks
For users who disable JavaScript or use outdated browsers, ensure core functionality remains accessible. For example, if JavaScript is disabled, provide alternative navigation methods to maintain usability. -
Minimizing Plugin Dependence
Avoid requiring specific plugins (e.g., Flash or Java Applets) to access content. Use HTML5 and CSS3 alternatives wherever possible to ensure content is accessible without additional software.
Specific Measures Website Operators Should Take
To comply with the “compatibility” criteria, website operators and developers should take the following actions:
- Standards-compliant coding: Ensure your HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are up-to-date and validated by using tools like W3C’s validator to maintain error-free code.
- Utilize accessibility APIs and ARIA: Implement ARIA attributes and APIs that allow assistive technologies to interact with your content seamlessly.
- Design for no-JavaScript scenarios: Ensure the site functions even when JavaScript is disabled and offer fallback options to preserve core functionality.
- Conduct compatibility tests with assistive technologies: Test your website with screen readers and other assistive technologies to verify usability across various environments.
Importance and Benefits of “Compatibility”
Meeting the “compatibility” criteria ensures that all users, regardless of the technology they use, can access and navigate web content effectively. For users with disabilities, particularly those relying on assistive technologies, compatibility is essential to a positive web experience. Additionally, standards-compliant code benefits SEO, helping search engines correctly index your content.
Conclusion
The “compatibility” achievement criteria in JIS X 8341-3:2016 ensure that web content functions correctly across various technologies, providing a consistent experience for all users. By following best practices in markup, leveraging accessibility APIs, and ensuring error-free code, you can create an inclusive web environment. This not only improves accessibility but also contributes to a more comprehensive and equitable digital society.
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