*This article is an English translation of a Japanese article.
The “Operable” principle in web accessibility standards ensures that users can interact with web interfaces easily. For individuals with visual or motor disabilities, or those who navigate using only a keyboard, operable web design is crucial. This article explains the concept of “Operable” in accessibility standards and provides practical implementation tips.
What is the “Operable” Principle?
“Operable” means that all functionality on a website can be accessed without reliance on a mouse, allowing people who use keyboards or assistive technology to interact fully with web content. This principle is supported by four main guidelines:
- Keyboard Accessibility
- Adjustable Time Limits
- Avoiding Content that Can Cause Seizures
- Providing Clear Navigation and Orientation
Practical Techniques to Implement “Operable” Design
1. Ensure Full Keyboard Accessibility
Keyboard-accessible websites create an inclusive environment for all users. Here are some key points to support keyboard navigation:
- Ensure essential links, buttons, and input fields are reachable with the Tab key.
- Use Enter or Space keys to activate buttons.
- Visually indicate the keyboard focus with color or borders to help users see which element is currently focused.
Example: Keyboard-Accessible Button
<button>Submit</button>
2. Provide Adjustable Time Limits
If a page has time-limited functionality, allow users to extend the session time, which gives all users ample time to interact with the content. Quick expiration times can be frustrating, especially for those with disabilities.
Example: Alert with Option to Extend Time
<div role="alert" aria-live="assertive">
This page has a time limit. Click "Extend" to continue your session.
<button>Extend</button>
</div>
3. Avoid Content that Can Trigger Seizures
Certain types of flashing or rapidly moving content can trigger seizures in some users. A general rule is to avoid content that blinks more than three times per second.
- Avoid fast-flashing elements.
- Minimize animation effects and provide a stop or pause button when necessary.
4. Provide Clear Navigation
Clear page structure and well-labeled links and buttons make navigation straightforward. Use meaningful labels, especially in headers and sidebars, so users can understand link destinations.
- Include a “Skip to Content” link to let users jump directly to the main content.
- Use ARIA landmarks to help screen readers identify and describe sections of a page. Example: Clear Navigation Links
<a href="#main-content" class="skip-link">Skip to main content</a>
<nav aria-label="Main navigation">
<ul>
<li><a href="#home">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#about">About Us</a></li>
<li><a href="#contact">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
Tools and Testing Methods for “Operable” Design
To ensure your site is operable, try the following tools and testing methods:
- Keyboard Testing: Confirm that all interactions on the page can be completed using only the Tab and Enter keys.
- Screen Reader Testing: Use a screen reader to ensure that links and buttons are correctly identified. WAVE Tool: The WAVE accessibility tool can identify operability issues on your site.
Conclusion
Following the “Operable” principle in accessibility standards helps users freely access and interact with web content. By supporting keyboard navigation, minimizing seizure risks, and providing clear navigation, you can create a more inclusive experience for all users.
Accessibility practices not only benefit individuals with disabilities but also enhance the overall user experience. Aim to create “Operable” designs that help everyone navigate and enjoy your website with ease.
We have released the UUU Web Accessibility Widget Tool, designed to make web accessibility easy to implement. This tool helps improve the accessibility of websites quickly and efficiently, even without specialized knowledge.
If you’re interested in enhancing your website’s accessibility, please check out the details. We are here to support you in making your website more user-friendly and accessible to a wider audience.